![]() The paper expounds and defends the proposal. This is the kernel of our conceptual truth conditional proposal. Pejoratives carry with themselves as part of their meaning the stereotype containing representations (concepts) of negative qualities ascribed to the target, and the claim that target is bad because it has them. The Authors therefore recommend that insults should be treated as a unique genre of human communication and should therefore be studied by students of language because it has its own stylistic and strategic technique employed in it execution. The study revealed interestingly among others that, insults which have always been viewed from the negative perspective after all have an element of aesthetics in the creative use of language for special effects. This paper establishes the ethnographic, and the scientific basis in the various deployment techniques associated with this creative piece of human discourse. Typically, in the heat of verbal exchanges, each participant takes turns to outdo the other using strategic rhetoric taunts, wits, sarcasm, threats, ridicule and many more to visit graphic and emotion laden words on a target. This paper examined the language of insults with special reference to the Akans of Ghana so as to elicit the (a) the varied sources of Akan insults (b) typology of Akan insults (c) routings of Akan insults and (d) motives for insults in Akan society. The language of invectives has been identified as one specialized genre of human communication that comes with its own unique underlying structures, styles, strategies and functional dynamics. Likewise, linguistics realisations such as spelling alteration, word repetition, laughing remarks, punctuations, animal imagery, dialect interference, code-mixing, and Malaysian English markers are observed through the features of those highlighted insults. Twitter users also make use of more abusive words (insults) in Malay than in English for degrading purposes through a variety of intelligence-related insults such as 'bebal', 'sengal', 'gila', 'bodoh', 'bangang', 'bengap', 'semak' and 'bongok'. ![]() Initial results indicate 'bodoh' as the most common online insult used to degrade an individual's intelligence. Thematic analysis is also used in the second phase to analyse the keywords that are subjected to qualitative explanations. Secondly, Twitter data, which have been streamed using the Twitter API and R statistical software, are explored. Firstly, a self-constructed questionnaire is conducted to elicit imperative keywords or phrases used in assisting subsequent analysis of the content-based approach. Data collection and analysis are conducted in two stages. This study discusses the issues of abusive language that are used in Malaysian's online communication by highlighting the linguistic features of aggressive insulting words used by social media users in nit-picking an individual's intelligence. The apparent reason for such encounters is typically triggered by the informal language used in various tweets. Previous studies have clarified that certain challenges arise in detecting abusive language in social media, especially on Twitter. Unrestricted utilisation of digital devices and online platforms promulgates cyberbullying, which has been typically identified with the presence of potentially profane or offensive words that can cause aggravation to others. Their output, however, is complex, as it may trigger lexical-pragmatic processes adjusting the encoded conceptual load or psychological-state representations. It also contends that some insults encode conceptual content and processing instructions, but others encode instructions alone. Relying on the showing-saying continuum and on the conceptual-procedural distinction, it argues that some insults merely show speaker meaning, others encode some conceptual load enabling them to communicate by saying and others communicate by an admixture of both. This paper ventures some answers from a relevance-theoretic perspective. ![]() Despite the enormous interest that they have aroused, research has not duly addressed whether all types of insults communicate in the same manner, partake of the same nature and make a similar contribution to communication. All of them channel speakers' (negative) psychological states, so they are considered expressives. The category of insults comprises disparaging qualifying terms, derogatory epithets, racial/ethnic slurs and participle-like expletives.
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